rs33996649
Variant in the PTPN22 gene (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 22)
rs33996649 is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the PTPN22 gene, involved in T cell signaling. Variants at this position have been studied in relation to immune function, metabolism, and chronic illness.
This page is for educational and informational purposes only. Not a diagnostic tool. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.
What is the rs33996649 variant?
rs33996649 is a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) in the PTPN22 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 22) gene. It belongs to the Adaptive Immunity category and is part of the Adaptive Immunity biological cluster. PTPN22 encodes LYP, a phosphatase that suppresses T cell and B cell receptor signaling. The rs2476601 (R620W) gain-of-function variant is one of the strongest genetic risk factors for multiple autoimmune diseases.
Biological role and pathway
This variant sits within the PTPN22 gene, which is involved in the T cell signaling pathway. Genes within the Adaptive Immunity cluster work together to maintain balanced function across interconnected biological systems.
Variants in genes within this pathway may influence an individual's predisposition to altered function — particularly under conditions of physiological stress such as viral infection or prolonged illness.
rs33996649 and Long COVID / ME-CFS research
PTPN22 rs2476601 is significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, and other autoimmune conditions. Long COVID shares autoimmune features including autoantibody production; this variant may predispose to the autoimmune component of Long COVID.
This information is based on published research and does not constitute medical advice. See references below.
Parent gene: PTPN22
rs33996649 is one of 2 known variants in the PTPN22 gene. To understand the full biological context of this variant, explore the parent gene page.
View PTPN22 gene page →Conditions studied in relation to rs33996649
Research into PTPN22 variants including rs33996649 has explored associations with the following conditions. These are areas of scientific investigation and do not imply causation.
Genetic insights from DNA data
Consumer DNA files from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage contain raw SNP data. When you upload your file to ChronicDNA, the analysis engine checks your genotype against a curated panel of 80+ genes selected for their relevance to Long COVID, ME/CFS, and connected biological pathways - some of which may include PTPN22 and the rs33996649 variant.
The report is educational - it explains which variants you carry, what the research says about them, and how they fit into the biological pathways most relevant to chronic illness. Results are presented in plain English with appropriate scientific context, no medical jargon, no scare tactics. All results should be discussed with a qualified healthcare provider.
Other variants in the PTPN22 gene
The following variants in PTPN22 are also studied in relation to chronic illness and may be analysed together for a more complete picture.
Frequently asked questions
What is the rs33996649 variant in the PTPN22 gene?
rs33996649 is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the PTPN22 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 22) gene, which is involved in T cell signaling. PTPN22 encodes LYP, a phosphatase that suppresses T cell and B cell receptor signaling. The rs2476601 (R620W) gain-of-function variant is one of the strongest genetic risk factors for multiple autoimmune diseases.
How may the rs33996649 variant relate to Long COVID or ME/CFS?
PTPN22 rs2476601 is significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, lupus, and other autoimmune conditions. Long COVID shares autoimmune features including autoantibody production; this variant may predispose to the autoimmune component of Long COVID.
Can a consumer DNA test detect the rs33996649 variant?
Many consumer DNA tests such as 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage genotype common SNPs. ChronicDNA analyses your raw DNA file and reports on variants studied in relation to chronic illness, immune function, and metabolism. This is not a diagnostic service — results are informational and educational only.
Find out if you carry the rs33996649 variant
Upload your DNA data from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, or MyHeritage and receive a personalised report covering >80 genes relevant to Long COVID and ME/CFS.
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References
The following publications were used in compiling the research context for PTPN22 and its variants. This is not an exhaustive literature review.
- [1]PMID: 30038274
- [2]Nature Genetics
- [3]Nature Reviews Immunology