rs28357094
Variant in the SPP1 gene (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (Osteopontin))
rs28357094 is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SPP1 gene, involved in pro-inflammatory signaling / ECM adhesion. Variants at this position have been studied in relation to immune function, metabolism, and chronic illness.
This page is for educational and informational purposes only. Not a diagnostic tool. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.
What is the rs28357094 variant?
rs28357094 is a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) in the SPP1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (Osteopontin)) gene. It belongs to the Immune Signaling category and is part of the Immune System & Inflammation biological cluster. SPP1 encodes osteopontin, a secreted phosphoprotein that is both an extracellular matrix adhesion protein and a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
Biological role and pathway
This variant sits within the SPP1 gene, which is involved in the pro-inflammatory signaling / ECM adhesion pathway. Genes within the Immune System & Inflammation cluster work together to maintain balanced function across interconnected biological systems.
Variants in genes within this pathway may influence an individual's predisposition to altered function — particularly under conditions of physiological stress such as viral infection or prolonged illness.
rs28357094 and Long COVID / ME-CFS research
Osteopontin (SPP1) is highly elevated in severe COVID-19 and Long COVID, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms; it is one of the strongest biomarkers of macrophage activation and tissue damage.
This information is based on published research and does not constitute medical advice. See references below.
Parent gene: SPP1
rs28357094 is one of 2 known variants in the SPP1 gene. To understand the full biological context of this variant, explore the parent gene page.
View SPP1 gene page →Conditions studied in relation to rs28357094
Research into SPP1 variants including rs28357094 has explored associations with the following conditions. These are areas of scientific investigation and do not imply causation.
Genetic insights from DNA data
Consumer DNA files from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage contain raw SNP data. When you upload your file to ChronicDNA, the analysis engine checks your genotype against a curated panel of 80+ genes selected for their relevance to Long COVID, ME/CFS, and connected biological pathways - some of which may include SPP1 and the rs28357094 variant.
The report is educational - it explains which variants you carry, what the research says about them, and how they fit into the biological pathways most relevant to chronic illness. Results are presented in plain English with appropriate scientific context, no medical jargon, no scare tactics. All results should be discussed with a qualified healthcare provider.
Other variants in the SPP1 gene
The following variants in SPP1 are also studied in relation to chronic illness and may be analysed together for a more complete picture.
Frequently asked questions
What is the rs28357094 variant in the SPP1 gene?
rs28357094 is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the SPP1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (Osteopontin)) gene, which is involved in pro-inflammatory signaling / ECM adhesion. SPP1 encodes osteopontin, a secreted phosphoprotein that is both an extracellular matrix adhesion protein and a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
How may the rs28357094 variant relate to Long COVID or ME/CFS?
Osteopontin (SPP1) is highly elevated in severe COVID-19 and Long COVID, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms; it is one of the strongest biomarkers of macrophage activation and tissue damage.
Can a consumer DNA test detect the rs28357094 variant?
Many consumer DNA tests such as 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage genotype common SNPs. ChronicDNA analyses your raw DNA file and reports on variants studied in relation to chronic illness, immune function, and metabolism. This is not a diagnostic service — results are informational and educational only.
Find out if you carry the rs28357094 variant
Upload your DNA data from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, or MyHeritage and receive a personalised report covering >80 genes relevant to Long COVID and ME/CFS.
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References
The following publications were used in compiling the research context for SPP1 and its variants. This is not an exhaustive literature review.
- [1]PMID: 32296168
- [2]Cell
- [3]Nature Medicine