CX3CL1 Gene

What is the CX3CL1 gene?

CX3CL1 encodes c-x3-c motif chemokine ligand 1 (fractalkine), a protein involved in microglial neuron communication / immune surveillance. It belongs to the Immune Signaling category and is part of the Neurological & Cognitive Function biological cluster. CX3CL1 encodes fractalkine, expressed on neurons and endothelium, which is cleaved to attract CX3CR1+ monocytes and promotes microglial surveillance.

Biological role and pathway

CX3CL1 is involved in the microglial neuron communication / immune surveillance pathway, which plays a central role in regulating physiological processes relevant to immune defence, cellular energy, and systemic homeostasis. Genes within the Neurological & Cognitive Function cluster work together to maintain balanced function across interconnected biological systems.

Variants in genes within this pathway may influence an individual's predisposition to altered function in these systems — particularly under conditions of physiological stress such as viral infection or prolonged illness.

Known genetic variants

The following variants (SNPs) in the CX3CL1 gene have been studied in relation to immune signaling and chronic illness. Each variant represents a single nucleotide position where individuals may carry different alleles.

• rs2228145— CX3CL1 variant

Conditions studied in relation to CX3CL1

Research into CX3CL1 variants has explored associations with the following conditions. These are areas of scientific investigation and do not imply that CX3CL1 causes or treats any condition.

Genetic insights from DNA data

Consumer DNA files from 23andMe, AncestryDNA, and MyHeritage contain raw SNP data. When you upload your file to ChronicDNA, the analysis engine checks your genotype against a curated panel of 80+ genes selected for their relevance to Long COVID, ME/CFS, and connected biological pathways - some of which may include CX3CL1 and related genes in the neurological & cognitive function pathway.

The report is educational - it explains which variants you carry, what the research says about them, and how they fit into the biological pathways most relevant to chronic illness. Results are presented in plain English with appropriate scientific context, no medical jargon, no scare tactics. All results should be discussed with a qualified healthcare provider.

Related genes in the Neurological & Cognitive Function pathway

CX3CL1 does not act in isolation. The following genes are functionally related and may be analysed together for a more complete picture of your genetic predispositions.

Frequently asked questions